关键词: 婴幼儿配方乳粉；苯扎氯铵；二癸基二甲基氯化铵；暴露评估；季铵盐类消毒剂

Abstract: Benzalkonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride residues in infant formula milk powder sold from 2022 to 2024 were detected and statistically analyzed. Based on the European Union’s allowable daily intake for benzalkonium chloride and the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment’s allowable daily intake for didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, a point estimation method was used to provide estimated values applicable to the percentiles of the available sample quantities. The detection rates of C12-benzalkonium chloride C14-benzalkonium chloride, C16-benzalkonium chloride, and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in infant formula milk powder were 23.3%, 16.8%, 15.4%, and 16.0%, respectively; the average residue levels from lower bound (LB) to upper bound (UB) were 10.96–12.18 and 3.71–4.13 μg/kg, respectively. The average exposure levels (LB–UB) to benzalkonium chloride for infants and young children aged 0–6, 7–12, and 13–36 months were 0.281–0.297, 0.036–0.047, and 0.026–0.032 μg/(kg mb·d), respectively. The average exposure levels (LB-UB) to didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride were 0.091–0.095, 0.007–0.011, and 0.013–0.016 μg/(kg mb·d), respectively. The hazard quotient (HQ) for both substances was less than 1. The contamination levels of benzalkonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in infant formula milk powder sold from 2022 to 2024 were found to be at an acceptable level.

Key words: infant formula milk powder; benzalkonium chloride; dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; exposure assessment; quaternary ammonium disinfectants