Abstract: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid nutrient in human milk after lactose and lipids. The composition and content of HMOs in human milk are affected by various factors such as secretor status and Lewis blood type, and vary throughout lactation. As people’s understanding of HMOs deepens, their physiological functions are gradually being discovered. This paper summarizes the important physiological functions of HMOs including maintaining a healthy gut microbiota, protecting the intestinal barrier, regulating immune function, and promoting brain development and cognitive function. Meanwhile, it provides a systematic review of clinical trials data on HMOs containing infant formula milk powder. Based on the compositional characteristics of HMOs in Chinese human milk and the gastrointestinal conditions of Chinese infants, this paper discusses the future application prospects of HMOs in domestic infant formula.

Key words: human milk oligosaccharides; gut microbiota; intestinal barrier; immune regulation; brain development; infant formula milk powder

摘要： 母乳低聚糖（human milk oligosaccharides，HMOs）是母乳中仅次于乳糖和脂肪的第3大固体营养物质，母乳中HMOs成分和含量受分泌类型和Lewis血型等影响，并随着哺乳状态呈动态变化。随着人们对HMOs认识的深入，其发挥的生理功能也逐渐被发现。本文综述HMOs维护肠道菌群健康、保护肠道屏障、调节免疫、促进大脑发育和认知功能等方面的重要生理功能，并系统评述HMOs应用在婴幼儿配方乳粉中的临床研究数据，结合我国HMOs成分特征及我国婴幼儿胃肠道状况，对HMOs在国内婴幼儿配方乳粉中应用前景进行展望。

关键词: 母乳低聚糖；肠道菌群；肠道屏障；免疫调节；大脑发育；婴幼儿配方乳粉