关键词: 母乳低聚糖；肠道菌群；肠道屏障；免疫调节；大脑发育；婴幼儿配方乳粉

Abstract: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid nutrient in human milk after lactose and lipids. The composition and content of HMOs in human milk are affected by various factors such as secretor status and Lewis blood type, and vary throughout lactation. As people’s understanding of HMOs deepens, their physiological functions are gradually being discovered. This paper summarizes the important physiological functions of HMOs including maintaining a healthy gut microbiota, protecting the intestinal barrier, regulating immune function, and promoting brain development and cognitive function. Meanwhile, it provides a systematic review of clinical trials data on HMOs containing infant formula milk powder. Based on the compositional characteristics of HMOs in Chinese human milk and the gastrointestinal conditions of Chinese infants, this paper discusses the future application prospects of HMOs in domestic infant formula.

Key words: human milk oligosaccharides; gut microbiota; intestinal barrier; immune regulation; brain development; infant formula milk powder