关键词: 环境；奶牛；生产效益；规避；生产风险

Abstract: Some environmental factors affect the milk yield, development and reproduction of dairy cows. In order to increase the economic benefits of milk production and reduce potential risks, it is necessary to find and avoid environmental risk factors. This paper analyzes the effects of drinking water temperature, humidity, light and noise on milk production. Controlling drinking water temperature, temperature of maternal milk for calves, cowshed temperature and humidity and other environmental sanitation conditions, regulating light illumination time and avoiding noise are helpful to increase milk yield, disease resistance, feed utilization rate, reproductive performance. In conclusion, regulation of environmental conditions can reduce risks in milk production, increase the milk production performance of cows, and enhance the economic benefits of milk farmers.

Key words: environment; dairy cow; production efficiency; avoidance; production risks