Abstract: Human milk provides adequate nutrition for infants’ early development and is rich in immunologically active substances, protecting infants against diseases before their own immune systems mature. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), IgM, and IgG, the major immunologically active substances in human milk, have been most extensively studied. The concentration and composition of Igs in human milk change with the lactation period, which is influenced not only by lactation stages (colostrum, transitional and mature milk) but also by the lactating mother’s living environment, dietary nutrition, gestational age, and other factors. This paper systematically reviews the concentrations and influencing factors of Igs in human milk from different countries and regions, with the aim of providing references for the in-depth research and application development of active components in human milk.

Key words: human milk; secretory immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; influencing factors

摘要： 母乳作为婴儿早期发育的关键营养来源，不仅提供基础营养物质，更含有丰富的免疫活性成分，能在婴儿免疫系统发育成熟前发挥重要的疾病防御作用。其中，分泌型免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G是母乳中含量较高且研究最广泛的免疫活性成分。母乳免疫球蛋白水平及组成比例呈现动态变化特征，这种变化既受泌乳阶段（初乳、过渡乳、成熟乳）调控，也与乳母地域分布、膳食营养及妊娠周期等密切相关。本文系统综述不同国家/地区母乳免疫球蛋白含量及其影响因素，旨在为母乳活性成分的深入研究与应用开发提供科学依据。

关键词: 母乳；分泌型免疫球蛋白A；免疫球蛋白G；免疫球蛋白M；影响因素