Abstract: Early nutrition has an enormous influence on an infant’s physiological function, immune system maturation, and cognitive development. The special nutritional liquid of human milk is recognized as the gold standard for human infant nutrition and the best food. It can meet all the nutritional needs of infants within 6 months of age after birth. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for infants for the first 6 months of life. The relevant laws and regulations in China emphasize that breast milk is the most ideal natural food for infants and advocate exclusive breastfeeding for infants for at least 6 months after birth. The composition of human milk and its effect on infant development are comprehensively reviewed in this article, which is expected to provide a scientific basis for clarifying the nutritional needs of infants and establishing nutrition and health standards for infants.

Key words: infant, components of human milk, development, nutrition, health

摘要： 早期营养对婴幼儿的生理功能、免疫系统成熟和认知发展有巨大影响。人乳是一种特殊的生命营养液体，被公认为婴幼儿营养的黄金标准和婴儿的最佳食物，可以满足6 月龄内婴儿的全部营养需要。世界卫生组织建议在婴儿生命前6 个月进行纯母乳喂养。国内相关法规标准强调“母乳是婴儿最理想的天然食物”，提倡婴幼儿出生至少进行6 个月的纯母乳喂养。为建立婴幼儿营养健康标准，本文对人乳的成分及其对婴幼儿发育的影响进行全面介绍，期望为明确婴幼儿营养需要提供科学依据。

关键词: 婴幼儿, 人乳组分, 发育, 营养, 健康