Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid innovation and development of sequencing technology, researchers have tended to focus on DNA methylation research. DNA methylation is a way of regulating bacterial gene expression and altering the genetic performance without altering the DNA sequence. While a great deal of research has been conducted to understand the effect of eukaryotic DNA methylation on disease occurrence and plant growth, prokaryotic DNA methylation has barely been researched so far. For a better understanding of the current status of research on bacterial DNA methylation, herein, we briefly summarize recent developments in research on DNA methyltransferase and methylome in pathogenic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria and the techniques used to detect DNA methylation in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of DNA methylation in lactic acid bacteria.

Key words: bacteria; epigenetics; lactic acid bacteria; DNA methylation; sequencing technology

摘要： 近年来，随着测序技术的迅速革新和发展，甲基化研究持续升温。DNA甲基化修饰是在不改变DNA序列的前提下，调控细菌基因表达，改变遗传表现的一种方式。真核生物的DNA甲基化修饰在疾病发生、植物生长等领域的应用已有大量研究。但是，对于原核生物DNA甲基化修饰的研究却较少。为了更好地了解原核生物中细菌的DNA甲基化研究现状，本文对近年致病菌和乳酸菌的甲基转移酶、甲基化组学和检测技术的研究进行简要概述，以期为DNA甲基化在乳酸菌中的应用中提供一定参考。

关键词: 细菌；表观遗传学；乳酸菌；DNA甲基化；测序技术