关键词: 冷冻浓缩乳, 全脂乳粉, 营养物质, 非靶向代谢组学

Abstract: To compare the differences in nutritional composition and functional properties between frozen concentrated milk and whole milk powder, this study measured changes in immunoglobulins (Igs), lactoferrin, B vitamins, and metabolomics. It was found that the frozen concentrated milk had significantly higher levels of IgA and IgG, lactoferrin, B vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin C compared to whole milk powder. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the main differential metabolites between frozen concentrated milk and whole milk powder were annotated to multiple key pathways involved in amino acid and peptide (isoleucine, levodopa, phenylalanine-tyrosine, creatine, D-proline, L-glutamate, L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-pipecolic acid, L-histidine, and N-methyl-L-glutamate) metabolism, and carbohydrate (maltotetraose, trehalose, D-maltose, and isomaltose) metabolism. These metabolites showed significantly higher relative expression levels in frozen concentrated milk compared to whole milk powder (P < 0.05). The results indicate that frozen concentrated milk is significantly superior to whole milk powder in terms of nutritional composition.

Key words: frozen concentrated milk, whole milk powder, nutrients, non-targeted metabolomics