关键词: 小品种乳；细胞外囊泡；分离鉴定；生物学特性

Abstract: Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs), originating from mammary epithelial cells, are nanoscale double-layered membrane vesicles transporting bioactive molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, being crucial for intercellular communication and immune regulation. Although milk from minor animal species is not commonly found in the market due to its lower production, it possesses unique nutritional value and potential health benefits and is therefore worth exploring. This review covers the isolation and identification techniques, morphological characteristics, composition and biological characteristics of MEVs from goat, camel, yak, donkey, buffalo, porcine and horse milk. It points out the challenges and future directions in studying MEVs from minor dairy species, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and scientific guidance for further research and application of MEVs so as to foster the development of the minor species milk industry.

Key words: milk from minor dairy animals; extracellular vesicles; isolation and identification; biological characteristics