Abstract: Aflatoxins (AFTs) is a group of secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which has stable physicochemical properties. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), and aflatoxin M2 (AFM2) are the common analogues of AFT, with AFB1 being the most toxic and widespread one. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) under the World Health Organization has classified AFB1 as a Group 1 carcinogen. When cows eat contaminated feedstuffs such as peanut, corn, rice, soybean and wheat, some of the AFTs are converted in the body into AFM1, and AFM2, which can exist in milk and dairy products. This paper compares the difference between Chinese and international limits for AFTs in foods, and summarizes the methods for detecting aflatoxin in milk and dairy products such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), mass spectrometry (MS), spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and rapid test strips. This paper analyzes the advantages and limitations of these methods and predicts future directions in the development of aflatoxin detection technology in milk and dairy products. It is hoped that this review will help in the development of a more convenient, specific, and sensitive detection method for aflatoxin in milk and dairy products.

Key words: milk; dairy products; aflatoxin; limit standards; detection methods; research progress

摘要： 黄曲霉毒素主要由黄曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌产生的次生代谢产物，物理和化学性质比较稳定，其种类主要包括黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin，AFB1）、AFB2、AFG1、AFG2、AFM1和AFM2，其中AFB1毒性最强，污染最广，被世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构确定为Ⅰ类致癌物。奶牛摄入被黄曲霉毒素污染的花生、玉米、稻米、大豆、小麦等饲料后，部分黄曲霉毒素会转化为AFM1和AFM2，从而存在于乳及乳制品中。本文比较国内外各国黄曲霉毒素限量标准的差异，汇总目前国内外乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素的各项检测技术，阐述近年来主要应用的薄层色谱法、质谱法、光谱法、电化学法、快速检测试纸条法等检测方法，分析各类方法在检测乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素方面的优点与存在的问题，并对今后乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测技术的发展方向做出了预测，旨在为更简便、特异性好、灵敏度高的乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素检测技术发展提供思路。

关键词: 乳；乳制品；黄曲霉毒素；限量标准；检测技术；研究进展