As broad-spectrum semi-synthetic antibiotics with strong antibacterial effect and little toxic side effects, cephalosporins are widely used in livestock and poultry farming, and the food safety risk arising from this is becoming the focus of public attention. At present many governments and food safety agencies have set maximum residue limits for cephalosporin residues in milk. This paper interprets the potential health risk of cephalosporin residues in milk, and summarizes recent progress in the development of pretreatment methods and detection technologies for cephalosporin residues in milk in detail.

The sample pretreatment is a critical step for the analysis of samples and has a direct impact on the analytical results. As a novel sample pretreatment technology, magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) is of great interest in the field of analytical testing because of its simple operation, low cost, time saving and low environmental pollution. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk is a long-standing problem, and antibiotic abuse can lead to allergies, drug resistance, secondary infection and other side effects on human health. In recent years, studies that introduce MSPE as a sample pretreatment method into antibiotic residue detection in milk have been published in large numbers. In this paper, the source and harm of antibiotic residues in milk are reviewed as well as the applications of MSPE in the detection of antibiotic residues in milk that have been reported over the past 5 years.

Recently, food safety problems associated with milk have consistently occurred in the country and abroad. Aflatoxins, a class of highly toxic compounds widely occurring in milk, have attracted growing public attention. Aflatoxins, as well as being strongly carcinogenic, are also teratogenic and mutagenic, posing a tremendous threat to human and animal health. Aflatoxin M1, a metabolite of aflatoxin B1, is a common toxin present in milk. In this paper, the sources and harms of aflatoxin M1 in milk are outlined with focus on reviewing the current progress in the development of analytical methods for the detection of aflatoxin M1.