Goat’s milk contains a rich variety of oligosaccharides with various physiological functions, and its content and structure are close to those of human milk oligosaccharides. Goat’s milk can be regarded as a natural alternative source of human milk oligosaccharides with potential applications in the food field. This paper briefly introduces the composition, content and structure of oligosaccharides in goat’s milk, analyzes the factors affecting the composition and content of oligosaccharides in goat’s milk, and focuses on the comparison of various preparation methods such as membrane separation, chromatography and biosynthesis. In addition, the pre-treatment methods for and the characteristics of different techniques for the detection of goat’s milk oligosaccharides are summarized, and finally, the probiotic functions of goat’s milk oligosaccharides as well as the prospects and challenges for their application in the future research are discussed. Finally, the probiotic functions of goat’s milk oligosaccharides and future prospects and challenges for their research and application are discussed.

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), the membrane surrounding fat globules in milk, is particularly interesting due to its specific composition of proteins and polar lipids which makes it an excellent candidate to develop a wide range of innovative applications such as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and health promoters in both food and non-food fields. In addition, MFGM has been proven to be rich in nutrients. This review focuses on current studies on the structure, composition, preparation and nutritional aspects of MFGM. Furthermore, new technologies for preparing MFGM-derived phospholipids liposomes entrapping bioactive compounds are described. We hope that this review can provide a rationale for the application of MFGM.