The periparturient period is one of the most important period in the process of dairy farming, implicating the transition from the dry period to lactation, during which cows may undergo physiological stress that results in a decrease of dry matter intake (DMI) and negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation. Besides, the early-lactating cows have poorer milk production and reproductive performance, which are often accompanied by metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, ketosis, mastitis, etc. Choline contributes favorably to milk production and reproductive performance, participates in fat metabolism, reduces the incidence of fatty liver and strengthens immunity in dairy cows. Therefore, dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC) can improve metabolic functions and increase the supply of choline in the small intestine, consequently improving milk yield and milk composition, relieving fatty liver and reducing perinatal diseases. This paper summarizes the effects of feeding RPC to periparturient dairy cows on DMI, milk production performance, milk composition and health condition, aims to provide the theoretical basis for feeding of periparturient dairy cows.