Abstract: The periparturient period is one of the most important period in the process of dairy farming, implicating the transition from the dry period to lactation, during which cows may undergo physiological stress that results in a decrease of dry matter intake (DMI) and negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation. Besides, the early-lactating cows have poorer milk production and reproductive performance, which are often accompanied by metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, ketosis, mastitis, etc. Choline contributes favorably to milk production and reproductive performance, participates in fat metabolism, reduces the incidence of fatty liver and strengthens immunity in dairy cows. Therefore, dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC) can improve metabolic functions and increase the supply of choline in the small intestine, consequently improving milk yield and milk composition, relieving fatty liver and reducing perinatal diseases. This paper summarizes the effects of feeding RPC to periparturient dairy cows on DMI, milk production performance, milk composition and health condition, aims to provide the theoretical basis for feeding of periparturient dairy cows.

Key words: dairy cow; periparturient period; negative energy balance; production performance; rumen-protected choline

摘要： 奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据.

关键词: 奶牛；围产期；能量负平衡；生产性能；过瘤胃保护胆碱