Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) in food have aroused widespread concern, and it has been clarified that MPs have toxic effects on cells, animals and human organoids, and that the cytotoxicity is inversely proportional to the particle size of MPs, and positively proportional to the concentration of MPs and the time of exposure; in experimental animal models, the toxic effects of MPs mainly occur in the digestive, nervous, respiratory, reproductive, and cardiovascular systems; the hazardous effects of MPs have also been identified in the human organoids of liver, intestine, heart and brain. The contamination of MPs in dairy products may occur at different stages of the production process. This paper reviews the sources, toxicological effects and detection methods of MPs contamination in dairy products, with the aim of providing a reference for the risk prevention and control of MPs in dairy products and for future research.

Key words: microplastics; pollution sources; toxicity; detection methods

摘要： 食品中的微塑料（microplastics, MPs）引发广泛关注, 目前已在细胞、动物及人类器官水平明确MPs具有毒性作用, 细胞毒性与MPs颗粒粒径成反比, 与MPs浓度、接触时间成正比；在动物实验模型研究中, MPs毒性作用主要发生在消化、神经、呼吸、生殖和心血管系统；在人肝脏、肠道、心脏及脑的类器官中也已确定了MPs的危害作用。乳制品中MPs污染可能发生在其生产过程中的不同阶段, 本文综述乳制品中MPs污染的来源、毒理作用和检测方法, 以期为乳制品中MPs风险防控与未来研究提供一定参考。

关键词: 微塑料；污染来源；毒性；检测方法