Abstract: Infancy and early childhood are critical periods for the development and maturation of the intestinal flora. Mounting studies have demonstrated that changes in the intestinal flora during these periods may have profound effects on the growth and development, energy metabolism, maturation of the nervous and immune systems of infants and children. This article reviews the evolution of the composition and function of the intestinal flora in infants and young children during their development and maturation, as well as the factors influencing it. This article is expected to provide a reference for strategies to improve growth and development of infants and young children via regulation of the intestinal flora.

Key words: intestinal flora; infants and young children; dynamic evolution; structure; function; factors

摘要： 婴幼儿时期是肠道菌群发育和成熟的关键时期。越来越多的研究证明，这一时期肠道菌群的变化可能会对婴幼儿的生长发育、能量代谢、神经系统和免疫系统的成熟等产生深远影响。本文综述婴幼儿肠道菌群发育、成熟过程中其组成和功能的演变及影响因素，以期为通过调节肠道菌群来改善婴幼儿生长和发育的策略提供参考。

关键词: 肠道菌群；婴幼儿；动态演变；结构；功能；影响因素