Table of Content

01 May 2018, Volume 41 Issue 3

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Basic Research

Cytotoxicity?and?Mechanism?of?Aflatoxin

XU?Mingfang, GENG?Mengmeng

2018, 41(3):  1-9.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.001

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This study investigated the cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on normal human liver cell line L-02 and evaluated oxidative damage caused by AFB1 based on changes in cell proliferation rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. The relative survival rate of the cells was determined by colorimetry using VC as a cytoprotectant. The extent of AFB1-induced apoptosis in L-02 cells as well as the underlying mechanism was assessed by changes in the cell cycle and cell apoptosis rate. The results showed that the AFB1 exposure concentration was determined as 40 μg/mL based on its half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) and VC concentrations for maximum cell viability ranged from 0.025 to 0.250 mg/mL. AFB1-induced cell damage was not attenuated at VC concentrations ≥ 0.5 mg/mL. ROS levels in the VC and VC + AFB1 groups were higher than in the control group but lower than in the AFB1 group, implying that VC can help reduce the MDA level in the cells and attenuate oxidative damage. Cell apoptosis and cycle analysis showed that AFB1 increased the percentage of apoptotic cells at the mid-late stage of apoptosis and that addition of VC inhibited the occurrence of apoptosis. Moreover, AFB1 induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and cell cycle parameters returned to almost normal after addition of VC.

Assessing?the?Homogeneity?of?Power?Mixtures?during?the?Production?of?Infant?Formula?Powder?for??Special?Medical?Purposes?under?Anhydrous?Conditions

ZHANG?Zhaomin

2018, 41(3):  10-13.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.002

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The production of infant formula powder for special medical purposes under anhydrous conditions was investigated, and the homogeneity of power mixtures during static and dynamic mixing was evaluated. The results showed that after the completion of mixing, nutrients of samples collected at different spatial locations were stable with dispersion coefficient less than 10% under static conditions and that good stability was similarly observed among different batches. At various stages of dynamic mixing, the nutrients were still stable, and the relative standard deviation for different spatial locations was less than 10%. The process presented in this study has great potential to produce infant formula powder for special medical purposes.

Investigation?and?Analysis?of?Nutrients?Added?in?Foods?for?Children?in?China

HUA?Bangqing, ZHANG?Fenghua, SU?Yonghong

2018, 41(3):  14-18.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.003

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At present, there are an increasing variety of foods for children marketed in our country. This survey targets foods clearly labelled as being for children, mainly including dairy products, beverages, noodles, pickles, and meat floss. In this paper, we analyze the list of ingredients and the nutritional facts on the packaging of those foods. Our results show that the majority of foods clearly labelled as being for children discriminate themselves from ordinary foods by nutritional reinforcement, some by reduced sodium content and others are labelled as being for children although having the same nutrients as ordinary foods. Based on these results, we put forward some suggestions for the formulation of regulations on foods for children in China.

Processing Technology

Effect?of?Different?Emulsifying?Salts?on?Processed?Cheese?and?Optimization?of?Their?Combination

LI?Weihong, LIU?Huiping, TIAN?Liyuan, SUN?Naxin, CHEN?Pei, LIU?Shaojuan, LIU?Xuhui

2018, 41(3):  19-24.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.004

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The purpose of this work was to address the effect of four common emulsifying salts (risodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate and sodium citrate) on functional properties of processed cheese made from a mixture of the Mascarpone cheese prepared in our laboratory and commercial Cheddar cheese. Also, the combination of emulsifying salts was optimized. The emulsifying capacity of four emulsifying salts followed the decreasing order: trisodium phosphate > sodium citrate > sodium polyphosphate > sodium hexametaphosphate. Trisodium phosphate, sodium citrate and sodium polyphosphate were selected for combination. The optimization was carried out using one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology. The optimal combination obtained was sodium polyphosphate 0.70%, sodium citrate 1.50%, trisodium phosphate 0.40%.

Optimization?of?the?Formulation?of?Fermented?Goat?Milk?Incorporated?with?Corn?and?Pumpkin?by??Response?Surface?Methodology

LI?Xiangying, WANG?Cunfang

2018, 41(3):  25-31.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.005

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In this study, a healthy fermented goat milk was prepared from goat milk, corn, pumpkin and a wood ear extract rich in polysaccharides. The formulation of the fermented milk was optimized using one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology combined with?Box-Behnken?design. The responses were sensory score and water-holding capacity. The optimal formulation was obtained with corn-pumpkin juice/goat milk ratio of 0.855:9.145, black wood ear polysaccharides 8.55%, starter culture 0.392%, soybean oligosaccharides 2.515% and aspartame 9.85 mg/100 mL. The product produced using the optimize formulation tasted mellow with moderate sweetness and sourness and had an exquisite texture. Its sensory evaluation score was 93 points, and water-hold capacity 43.03%. The fermented milk had some nutritional and health benefits.

Analysis & Detection

Determination?of?Sulfonylurea?Drugs?in?Milk?Powder?Claimed?to?Possess?Antidiabetic?Effect?by??High?Performance?Liquid?Chromatography-Tandem?Mass?Spectrometry

LIU?Yuan

2018, 41(3):  32-36.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.006

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A high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of six sulfonylurea drugs (gliquidone, glidenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glicianide and 1-butyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-urea) in milk powder claimed to have antidiabetic potency. After the sample was dissolved in warm water, the proteins were precipitated with zinc acetate and potassium ferrocyanide. The supernatant was separated on a Poroshell SB-C18 column, detected by HPLC-MS/MS under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified by the external standard method. Under the optimized conditions, the six sulfonylurea drugs showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.5–50.0 μg/L with correlation coefficients larger than 0.996. The detection limits of the method were 3.0 μg/kg for the six sulfonylurea drugs. The mean recoveries were in the range of 80.3%–95.5 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) ranging from 4.2% to 8.7%. The method had the advantages of high sensitivity, good purification effect and high quantitative accuracy, and was suitable for the detection of sulfonylurea drugs in antidiabetic milk powder.

Reviews

A?Review?of?High-Throughput?Sequencing?in?Milk?Microbiology?Research

WANG?Yiran, YUE?Xiqing, TAO?Dongbing, SUN?Xuejiao, DING?Ruixue, WU?Junrui

2018, 41(3):  37-41.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.007

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In the past decade, due to the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and its wide application in food, medicinal and environmental fields, knowledge has been continuously updated about the species, distribution and functions of non-culturable microorganisms in foods, which highlights the importance of high-throughput sequencing in improving traditional food processing and preservation technologies, increasing food flavor quality and guaranteeing food safety. This article aims to review the progress that has been made during the last 5 years in the application of high-throughput sequencing in milk microbiology research and in studies on the microbial safety of dairy products. It is hoped that this review will provide useful information for diary researchers.

Recent?Progress?of?Research?on?Health?Benefits?of?Bioactive?Peptides?Derived?from?Milk?Proteins?for?Humans

SUN?Xuejiao, LI?Rui, LIU?Yumeng, LIU?Xianqi, WANG?Yiran, DING?Ruixue, WU?Junrui

2018, 41(3):  42-46.  DOI: 10.15922/j.cnki.jdst.2018.03.008

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In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of bioactive peptides (BAP) derived from milk proteins and their functions owing to the rapid development of modern separation and purification technology and functional monomics. An increasing number of BAPs have been discovered and recognized as a potential ingredient for next-generation functional dairy foods for their health benefits. As dairy processing will develop toward refinement and functionalization in the future, milk-derived BAPs will certainly be sought after by researchers for the development of new dairy products. This article reviews recent studies on milk-derived BAPs and their health-promoting properties such as immunoregulatory, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and antibacterial effects, aiming to provide valuable information for further research and development of milk-derived BAPs.