With the ever-increasing need to adjust the production structure of dairy products, cheese has become a new bright spot in the development of China’s dairy industry. This paper summarizes the current status of patent applications concerning cheese in China through in-depth analysis of the number and distribution among countries and technical subjects of patent applications as well as the diversity of applicants based on relevant data. It is found that domestic applicants have encountered many problems such as narrow range of studies, technical backwardness, and weak awareness of intellectual property right protection. Accordingly, this article proposes that related enterprises and research institutions should improve their awareness of intellectual property right protection, pay attention to using patent information available and establish patent landscaping as early as possible to promote technical advancement and maximize the economic benefits so that China’s dairy market will tend to be dominated by domestic manufacturers and benefit both the country and the people.