Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are important bioactive ingredients of breast milk, the most abundant being 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL), which is significantly beneficial to the growth and development of infants, and is considered as a novel nutrient supplement with great potential. Recently, great progress has been made in the bio-production of 2’-FL, whose output has reached industrial levels of production. Many multi-national companies have investigated 2’-FL bio-production techniques for a long time. However, universities and companies in China have just begun research in this field, highlighting its great significance. This paper reviews the 2’-FL bio-production pathways and summarizes several recent novel 2’-FL biosynthesis methods.