In recent years, significant breakthroughs in intestinal flora research have suggested that Bacteroides ovatus has the ability to metabolize polysaccharides and choline salts, exerting therapeutic effects on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer as well as other physiological functions that make it a promising potential next generation probiotic. It has been of great interest to researchers worldwide. This article presents a systematic and comprehensive review of the bacteriological characteristics, functional characteristics and application prospects of Bacteroides ovatus, which is still in the literature. We expect to provide valuable information for researchers interested in Bacteroides ovatus and its application.