Bifidobacterium has the function of regulating intestinal flora and treating functional gastrointestinal diseases. It is one of the probiotics widely used to improve the human intestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease that is accompanied by intestinal mucosal ulcers and cell death, and is prone to relapse. In recent years, there have been documents mentioning the probiotic effect of Bifidobacteria in enteritis treatment. This review outlines the alleviating effects of Bifidobacterium, related products and metabolites on IBD, which may open up a new research direction for the application of Bifidobacterium in the medical field.