Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have multiple physiological functions. As the range of their application in the food industry as a novel food additive has been increasingly broadened, it is necessary to monitor added FOS in foods by means of modern analytical approaches. This paper reviews several analytical techniques that have been recently developed to determine FOS in foods, including high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are summarized to provide valuable references for efficient and rapid determination of FOS in foods.