Abstract: Our aim was to understand the pollution levels and sources of chlorate and perchlorate in infant formula milk powder and to evaluate the risk of dietary exposure to chlorate and perchlorate in infants and young children. A total of 165 batches of samples were collected from the water, cow milk, and ingredients used, as well as 131 batches of infant formula milk powder. Chlorate and perchlorate in each sample were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the data obtained were statistically analyzed. The results showed that chlorate and perchlorate were undetectable in the water samples. Cow milk was more severely polluted by perchlorate than by chlorate. Some ingredients were also found to contain chlorate and perchlorate. Infant formula milk powder was contaminated with chlorate and perchlorate, with average contents of 34.3 and 14.5 μg/kg, respectively. The average dietary exposure levels to chlorate and perchlorate for infants aged 0–6 months were 0.71 and 0.28 μg/(kg·d), respectively, which were at an acceptable level. Infant formula milk powder and the raw materials used were found to be contaminated by chlorate and perchlorate.

Key words: milk powder; raw materials; chlorate; perchlorate; dietary exposure assessment

摘要： 为了解婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的污染水平和污染来源，评估婴幼儿膳食暴露风险。采集配料水、生牛乳、原辅料共165 批样本，婴幼儿配方乳粉共131 批样本，采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测样本中的氯酸盐和高氯酸盐，并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果表明：婴幼儿配方乳粉生产使用的配料水中未检出氯酸盐和高氯酸盐，生牛乳受高氯酸盐污染程度比受氯酸盐污染严重，部分原辅料也检出了氯酸盐和高氯酸盐；婴幼儿配方乳粉存在受氯酸盐和高氯酸盐污染的情况，氯酸盐和高氯酸盐平均含量分别为34.3、14.5 μg/kg；0～6 月龄婴儿摄入氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的平均暴露量分别为0.71、0.28 μg/（kg·d），处于可接受水平。婴幼儿配方乳粉及所用原料存在受氯酸盐和高氯酸盐污染的情况。

关键词: 乳粉；原料；氯酸盐；高氯酸盐；膳食暴露评估