Abstract: Some environmental factors affect the milk yield, development and reproduction of dairy cows. In order to increase the economic benefits of milk production and reduce potential risks, it is necessary to find and avoid environmental risk factors. This paper analyzes the effects of drinking water temperature, humidity, light and noise on milk production. Controlling drinking water temperature, temperature of maternal milk for calves, cowshed temperature and humidity and other environmental sanitation conditions, regulating light illumination time and avoiding noise are helpful to increase milk yield, disease resistance, feed utilization rate, reproductive performance. In conclusion, regulation of environmental conditions can reduce risks in milk production, increase the milk production performance of cows, and enhance the economic benefits of milk farmers.

Key words: environment; dairy cow; production efficiency; avoidance; production risks

摘要： 目的:环境因素影响奶牛的泌乳量、发育、繁殖等生产性能,在奶牛生产中,得出规避环境风险因素的方法,提高奶牛生产效益、降低奶牛生产风险.方法:通过阐述温度、湿度、光照、噪音等环境因素对奶牛生产的影响,并对其影响进行分析,结果:得出通过控制水、乳汁、牛舍的温度,调整光照时间,避免噪音,控制湿度等其他环境卫生措施,提高泌乳量、增强抵抗力、提高饲料利用率、提高繁殖功能.结论:通过调整环境,可以降低奶牛生产中的风险,提高奶牛生产性能,增加养殖者经济效益.

关键词: 环境；奶牛；生产效益；规避；生产风险