Abstract: Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) allows gene amplification using primers designed based on ERIC, which are widely present in living organisms, yielding products that are useful to characterize the genomic structure. This method has been widely used in bacterial classification and research on the genetic relationship of strains because of its merits such as simplicity, ease of implementation, good repeatability and time saving. This paper reviews the background to bacterial classification research and the principle and characteristics of ERIC-PCR technique, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of ERIC-PCR technique in bacterial genotyping and recent progress in its application to genotype common food-borne pathogenic bacteria. At the same time, future prospects for the application of ERIC-PCR in traceability analysis of microbial contaminants in dairy enterprises.

Key words: enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction; fingerprinting technology; bacterial typing; tracing of microbial contaminants

摘要： 肠道细菌基因间重复共有序列-聚合酶链式反应（enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction，ERIC-PCR）指纹图谱技术利用普遍存在于生物体内的ERIC进行引物设计，通过基因扩增，获得能 够表征其基因组结构的产物，该方法简单易行、重复性好、用时短，被广泛应用于细菌基因分型及同源性判别。本文简 述细菌分型的研究背景和ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术的原理及特点，归纳该技术在细菌基因分型方面的优缺点及其在常见 食源性致病菌基因分型中的应用现状，并对ERIC-PCR指纹图谱技术应用于乳品企业污染菌溯源的研究进行展望。

关键词: 肠道细菌基因间重复共有序列-聚合酶链式反应；指纹图谱技术；细菌分型；污染菌溯源