Abstract: Bovine lactoferrin (BLF), as an important iron-binding glycoprotein in mammalian milk, has a broad application prospect in the fields of food, medicine and nutraceuticals. This article briefly introduces the structural characteristics of BLF, and systematically summarizes its various biological functions including antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antitumor and its mechanism of action. Meanwhile, it reviews the techniques currently used to extract BLF with special reference to their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the current research hotspots and prospects of BLF are analyzed. This review provides a theoretical reference for the in-depth understanding of the biological properties of BLF and for its industrial development, thereby advancing its application in functional foods and foods for special medical purposes

Key words: bovine lactoferrin; structure characteristics; biological function; extraction techniques

摘要： 牛乳铁蛋白（bovine lactoferrin，BLF）作为哺乳动物乳中重要的铁结合糖蛋白，在食品、医药及保健品领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文简单介绍BLF结构特征，系统总结其抗菌、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种生物学功能及其作用机制，对当前BLF提取技术进行归纳，分析各提取技术的优缺点，并对其研究热点进行分析与展望，为深入理解BLF的生物学特性及其产业化发展提供理论参考，以期拓展与推动其在功能食品和特殊医学用途食品中的应用。

关键词: 牛乳铁蛋白；结构特征；生物功能；提取技术