Abstract: The yak is a rare animal that predominantly lives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The production volume of yak milk is low, but it is rich in nutrients, containing higher contents of protein, fat and lactose compared with Holstein milk, as well as abundant amounts of other nutrients. Furthermore, it is found that yak milk has anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue and antioxidant activities, among other, which may be attributed to the unique habitat of yaks. In this article, the lactation performance of yaks, as well as the nutritional components and functional characteristics of yak milk is reviewed, with a view to providing a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of yak milk.

Key words: yak milk, breeds, lactation performance, nutritional components, functional characteristics

摘要： 牦牛是一种稀有动物资源，主要分布在青藏高原地区。牦牛产奶量低，但牦牛乳营养丰富，蛋白质、脂肪和乳糖含量高于荷斯坦牛乳，且富含其他多种营养素。牦牛特殊的生长环境赋予牦牛乳耐缺氧、抗疲劳、抗氧化等生理活性。本文对牦牛的产奶性能以及牦牛乳营养组分和功能特性的研究现状进行阐述，为我国牦牛乳的开发应用提供理论参考。

关键词: 牦牛乳, 品种, 产奶性能, 营养组分, 功能特性