Abstract: Bovine milk is known as the “white blood” and is one of the most ideal natural foods, rich in protein, milk fat, calcium, vitamins and the eight essential amino acids, also known as a near-perfect food. However, in China, cow’s milk is mostly used for liquid milk processing, and its nutritional value has not been fully utilized. Casein gene polymorphisms are thought to affect milk yield, physicochemical properties and nutritional composition, dairy product manufacturing performance and nutrition, and hence have received much attention from scholars. In this paper, we summarize the existing studies on casein gene polymorphism, the methods used for its detection, and its application, hoping to provide some reference for the targeted breeding of dairy cows, the improvement of milk quality, and the precise development of functional dairy products.

Key words: casein, polymorphism, detection methods, processing performance, human health

摘要： 牛乳被称为“白色血液”，是最理想的天然食品之一，富含蛋白质、乳脂、钙、维生素和人体必需的8 种氨基酸，也被称为“接近完美的食品”。但我国的牛乳多用于液态乳的加工，其营养价值未得到充分利用。酪蛋白基因多态性被认为会影响乳产量、乳的理化特性和营养成分、乳制品加工特性以及营养价值，因此得到学者们的重视。本文对现有研究中关于酪蛋白基因多态性及其检测方法和应用进行归纳总结，为奶牛的定向选育、改善牛乳品质、精准开发功能性乳制品提供一定参考。

关键词: 酪蛋白, 多态性, 检测方法, 加工特性, 人体健康