Abstract: As a high-quality, nutritious food, milk is widely loved by people. β-casein is an important protein component in milk and is one of the indicators for evaluating the quality of milk. It plays an important role in protecting human health. As there are many varieties of β-casein in milk, it is of great significance to define the role of each β-casein. The most common variants of β-casein in milk are A1 and A2, while the other types are rare. Therefore, the current research regarding cow milk β-casein mainly focuses on these two variants. In this paper, the varieties and allele frequency of milk β-casein and its relationship with human health are elucidated. Recent progress in studying β-casein in milk is reviewed in order to provide readers with insights into milk β-casein.

Key words: β-casein; milk intolerance; type 1 diabetes; β-casomorphin-7; glutathione

摘要： 牛乳作为一种优质的营养品广受大众喜爱，β-酪蛋白是牛乳中蛋白质的重要组成部分，是评价牛乳品质 的关键指标之一，对人体健康具有重要作用。牛乳β-酪蛋白具有多种分型，研究各个分型对明确β-酪蛋白的作用具 有重要意义，其中最常见的分型是A1型和A2型，其他类型较少见，因此对牛乳β-酪蛋白的研究主要集中在这两者 上。本文对牛乳β-酪蛋白的分型、基因频率及与人类健康的关系等方面进行阐述，综述近年来与牛乳β-酪蛋白相关 的研究进展，旨在为了解牛乳β-酪蛋白提供参考。

关键词: β-酪蛋白；牛乳不耐受；1型糖尿病；β-酪啡肽-7；谷胱甘肽