Abstract: The psychrophilic bacteria present in raw milk can grow under cold storage conditions and secrete protease and lipase which degrade milk protein and fat, resulting in the deterioration of milk quality. The present article summarizes the major species of psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk, with an emphasis on the recent progress that has been made in understanding the hazards of psychrophilic Bacillus including their species, hazard characteristics, proteases and lipases. At last, the future research direction of psychrotrophilic Bacillus is discussed.

Key words: psychrophilic bacteria species; Bacillus spp.; protease; lipase

摘要： 嗜冷菌能在原料乳冷藏条件下生长，其分泌蛋白酶和脂肪酶降解牛乳中的蛋白和脂肪，导致牛乳变质。本文归纳了原料乳中嗜冷菌的种类，总结嗜冷芽孢杆菌的危害研究进展，重点包括嗜冷菌常见种型、危害特点、分泌的蛋白酶和脂肪酶。最后探讨了嗜冷芽孢杆菌的研究方向。

关键词: 嗜冷菌种类；芽孢杆菌；脂肪酶；蛋白酶